The piezoelectric effect refers to a physical
The piezoelectric effect refers to a physical phenomenon in which certain dielectric materials generate polarization internally and develop positive and negative charges on their surfaces when subjected to mechanical pressure or deformation. Conversely, when an electric field is applied to such materials, they will produce mechanical deformation. The former is called the direct piezoelectric effect, while the latter is known as the converse piezoelectric effect.
Common piezoelectric materials include quartz crystals and piezoelectric ceramics (e.g., barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate), which are widely used in components such as sensors, ultrasonic transducers, and piezoelectric ceramic actuators.
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